代名詞的認識

何謂5大句型 1.   S + V 2.  S + V + O.   ex: I love you 3.  S + V + SC(主詞補語).   Ex: I am a student 4.  S + V + O + OC(受詞補語)  I know them boys. 5.  授與動詞

人稱	主格	所有格	受格	所有代名詞	反身代名詞
第一人稱(單)	I	my	Me	Mine	Myself
第二人稱(單)	You	your	You	Yours	Youself
第三人稱(單)	He, she, it	His, her, its	Him, her, it	His	Himself, herself,itself
第一人稱(複)	We	Our	Us	Hers	Ourselves
第二人稱(複)	You	Your	You	Yours	Yourselves
第三人稱(複)	They	their	them	Theirs	Themselves

※反身代名詞不可置於句首當S, 但可置於S或O後當補語，表為”親自/ 本人”。

Ex: I myself made the cake.      VS  I saw Obama himself.

重點1. 在及物動詞與介係詞後的人稱代名詞，須用受格。

1.   Between you and me, this should be an easy task.

2.  Mrs White invited ____ girls to tea.

a)I

b)me

c)we

d)us

重點2:超級重點 1.   S/SC用主格；O/OC用受格，所有格不可單獨存在，後必加N/Ving。 2.  代名詞/C需與所代替之N/詞類之屬性”單複數一致”。

1.   I thought (that) the thief is he(SC)

2.  I thought the thief to be him(OC)

3.  The thief was taken to be he(SC).

重點3:It 可當形式上的主詞(虛主詞)，以指動詞後面的不定詞、動名詞或名詞子句。 It+單數動詞 + ~~~ + (Ving/to-V常用於諺語) or (that + S+V) ※真虛主詞的互換：東西對調原則。

1.   To master a foreign language takes a long time.

= It takes a long time to master a foreign language.

2.  Crying over split milk is no use.= It us no use to cry over split milk 覆水難收.

=It is of no use to cry over split milk.

3.  Whether she is pretty or not makes no importmance.

=It makes no importmance whether she is pretty or not.

It will do you good to do some exercise every morning.

重點4. It 可當形式上的受詞(虛受詞)。 think, take S +  consider, believe      + it(虛受詞) + adj/N     + to+Vrt      Regard, deem(認為)                         名詞子句(that s+V)      Make, find

Ex:

1.   I make it a rule to get up early.

2.  I don’t consider it odd that she was absent yesterday.

1.   Too many people In a small space ____ to keep the cities safe and clean.

a)make that hard	b)make it hard
c)making that hard	d)making it hard

2.  We think ____ our duty to pay taxs to our government.

a)that

b)this

c)its

d)it

重點5: It 代表前面提到的同名同物的普通名詞。 One 代表前面提到的同名異物的普通名詞。 That代表前面提到的抽象名詞或物質名詞。(具形容詞) ※注意，雖為同名異物的普通名詞，但如用作主詞，仍要用it代替。

1.   Do you like this pencil? Yes, I like it. (指這一支筆，同名同物)。

2.  Do you have a pen? Yes, I have one.(不是指同一筆，同名異物)。

3.  This paper is whiter than that.

1.   Will a pen do? Yes, _____ will do.

a)one

b)that

c)it

d)X

重點6:one, ones 可代替前面提到的名詞，one指人時，所有格one’s, 反身代名詞oneself, one的複合N用(everyone, each)其所有格為his。 Everyone     所有格=>  his One                   one’s People                 their

1.   I keep three dogs,  a black one and two white ones.

2.  One should love one’s country.

3.  Everyone should do his duty.

1.   One should always love ____ country.

a)his

b)one’s

c)ones

d)our

2.  Each of them ____ own idea.

a)have their

b)has their

c)has his

d)have his

重點7:反身代名詞可用來加強語氣，表＂親自＂＂本人＂。

1.   I myself finished the work.

2.  I saw the President himself.

重點8:用thanm as 做比較時，要避免做異類的比較。

1.   His car is larger than I (X)

2.  His car is larger than mine(O)

3.  His pen is not so good as you (X)

4.  His pen is not so good as yours(O)

重點9:that, those 可以指前面提過的名詞，以避免重複。用於形容詞比較級

	單數	複數
同名異物	One	Ones
同名同物	It	they
比較用法	That	those

1.   The climate of Jamaica is similar to ______ the Philippines.

a)those of

b)what of

c)one of

d)that of

2.  The windows in the new building are smaller than ____ in the old one.

a)him

b)those

c)we

d)it

3.  The tail of fox is longer than ____ of a rabbit.

a)this

b)these

c)it

d)that

重點9: 兩者 三者以上 全部 Both All 每一 each Every 任一 either Any 無一 neither None 之間 between among 1.   I know both of the two girls. 2.  I know all of the three girls. 3.  You may take either of the two books. 4.  You may take any of the three books. 5.  Neither of the two students is present.(出席) 6.  None of the three students is(are)present. Every, both, all 若與not出現在同一句，則為部分否定，譯為”並非~都~~” (部分)Both of my friends are not doctors. (完全)Neither of my friends is a doctor All of my books are stolen  我所有的書都被偷了。 All of my books are not stolen 我並非所有的書都被偷了。(只被偷了一些)

1.   I am sorry I cannot find ____ of the two books you lent me. (=can find neither)

a)neither

b)each

c)either

d)any

2.  There are trees on ____ sides of the river.

a)both

b)all

c)either

d)neither

重點10: one~ the other ~(數量只有2者時，一為~~~，另一個為~~~)。 one~ another~~(不確定總數中的2者，一為~~~，另一個為~~~)。 one~ another ~~the other (數量只有3者，一為~另一為~剩下的為~~)。 one/some~~ the others~(三者以上數量確定或限定條件，一為~/一些~，剩下的為~)。 One/some~ others(三者以上數量不確定或或無條件，一為/一些~，剩下的為)。

1.   I bought two books. One is for you ; the other is for Tom.

2.  To know is one thing ;to do is another.

3.  I saw three persons there;one sat on the sofa;another was on the floor and the other stood in the doorway(門口).

4.  I have four brothers, one is in Taiwan, ans the othersare in Japan.

1.   We have two bathrooms. One is downstairsand ____ is upstairs.

a)the other

b)the others

c)others

d)other

2.  Five students made this exhibit; one was a boy and _____ were girls.

a)others

b)the others

c)some

d)the other

3.  I have two books; one is red, and ____ is white.

a)others

b)some

c)any

d)the other

練習: (先看答案選項，後看題目)

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以上資源，為自己文法練習，加油。