時態介紹

英文句子的基本結構: S + V。

定義:一個句子只能有1個V，若一句子出現2個V，則該句必有Conj(連接詞)。

V之區分:動詞可區分為兩大類:A.一般動詞，B.連綴動詞(LV)要背!!!!

不是LV(連綴動詞)就是一般V(一般動詞)。

1.必背時態：1.現在簡單式、2.現在完成式(have+pp)、

3.進行式(be+Ving)、4.未來式(will)

2.現簡式定義：事實、習慣、真理(且只要頻率副詞出現，除非句中特別指定過去時間，否則一律現在簡單式)。

  a.公式 S(第一人稱或複數) + Vrt .     S(第三人稱單數) + V s/es.

  b.何時動詞加ex:在現簡式中主詞為第三人稱單數,且該動詞字尾為 x,o,s,sh,ch,z 則加ex.

3.進行式定義:無論何種進行式，其定義均表過去、現在或未來的某個時段，正在進行的動作。

  a.進行式之基本型態: be + Ving

    ex: Joe is studying / was studying   (study) a foreign language now(現在)/at eight (明確時間點)last night.

  b.未來進行式:Will + Ving

    ex:Joe and Mary will be studying (study) at this time(now 明確時間點) tomorrow.

4.過去式定義:有明確之過去時間。

     *簡單事與進行式常混淆句型:特別注意時間單位是否有明確之幾點幾分!!!

   Ex: Joe studied (study) a foreign language last night (昨晚並無明確時間)。

5.未來式定義:有明確之未來時間

will=be going to + Vrt = be about to

= be on the point of N/Ving

= be on the verge of N/Ving

= be on the brink of N/Ving

6.完成式:一段時間的動作或狀態，六種變化熟記。

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6種完成式

1.    現在完成式:從過去某時至目前的動作。Have + pp

I have studied English since 2005.

2.    過去完成式:從過去某時至過去某時的動作。

I had studied English since from 2005 to 2008.

3.    未來完成式:從過去某時至未來某時為止的動作。

I will have studied English for 10 years until 2020.

4.    現在完成進行式: 從過去某時至目前且動作持續進行中。

I have been studying English since 2005.

5.    過去完成進行式: 從過去某時至過去某時且動作持續進行中。

I had been studying English since from 2005 to 2008.

6.    未來完成進行式: 從過去某時至未來某時且動作持續進行中。

I have been studying English for 10years until 2020.

必考文法:若題目中有after, before, when, while, by the time(當), as soon as(一…就…) 則只有2種考法!!

a.分詞構句   b.2件事題型

A.未來將發生的兩件事:先(現簡式);後(未來式)

   Ex: After the baby sees me tomorrow, it will cry.

B.過去已發生的兩件事:

1. When~Vpt~, ~過去進行式~

Ex: When Joe entered the room, Jenney was reading a novel.

2.While ~過去進行式~, ~Vpt/過進式~

Ex: While Irin was sleeping, Joe fought/was fighting with enimies on line

3.As soon as S + Vpt~, S+Vpt~ (完整用法 參考倒裝句)

   Ex: As soon as the boy saw me yesterday, it cried.

4.其他Conj.用法:先(過去完成式)後(過去式) (123沒有則用4)

   Ex: After the baby had been me yesterday, it cried.

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下列時間副詞，請熟記!!

1.   現在簡單式用於表示 事實、習慣、真理 並常用下列頻率副詞:

every(每一), always(總是), usuall(通常), often(常常), sometimes(有時候), seldom(不常)。

2.  過去簡單式常用的時間副詞:

ago, last, yesterday, this morning(今早), in+過去年代, then=at that time(當時), the other day(前幾天), just now(剛才), long before(很久以前)。

3.  未來簡單式常用的時間副詞:

Next, tomorrow, in+未來年代, in the future(在將來), before long(不久將)。

4.  現在進行式常用的時間副詞:

Now=at present(現在), Look!, Listen!在句首。

5.  現在完成式常用的時間副詞:

recently=of late=lately(最近), so far=until now=up to now=as yet(迄今), already(已經), yet(已經), once, twice, …times(幾次)。

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S	Have pp	Since +	1.   S+Vpt(過去簡單式)
			2.  明確時間 (ex:2010)
			3.  一段時間+ ago
		for + 一段時間 (已經~~~)。
		already, yet, just, lately=recently=of late(最近)。
		so far=up to now=until now=as yes (到目前為止;迄今)

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Vrt=原V 在句首為祈使句(命令句)，而祈使句永遠表未來。

----------------------------------------------------------------- 練習: (先看答案選項，後看題目)

1.   That the earth  _____ round is ture.

a)is

b)was

c)will be

d)has been

2.  We _____ a baseball game on TV every Sunday.

a)have been watching

b)watch

c)am watching

d)have watched

3.  Mr. Wang _____ to his office two hours ago.

a)has gone

b)went

c)goes

d)go

4.  A letter _____ by Jean at 9 o’clock this morning.(明確時間且為被動)

a)Writes

b)Were written

c)was being written

d)is being written

5.  Look! Tony _____ with your girl friend..

a)danced

b)was danced

c)is dancing

d)had being danced

6.  We will go home when the rain _____.

a)stops

b)will stop

c)have stopped

d)is stopped

7.  After the class is over, _____ the teacher about the question

a)will ask (缺S)

b)ask

c)asked

d)have asked

8.  After he _____ writing those letters, he went out for a walk.

a)was finished

b)will finish

c)has finished

d)had finished

9.  I _____ to Mainland China several times.

a)had gone

b)have gone

c)have been

d)was

10. We _____ more than the normal amount of rain so far this year.

a)are having

b)will have

c)had

d)have had

11. David _____ English for twenty years by the end of this month.

a)will have been teaching	b)has taught
c)teached	d)had taught

12. (複選)I have lived here _____ .

a)since 1972	c)for many years
b)since I was a school boy	d)ten years ago  (缺少 since)

以上資源，為自己文法練習，加油。